In Bactria, Zhang Qian saw bamboo and textiles brought from China and asked how they had gotten there. He reached Afghanistan, in an area known as Bactria, which was under Greek control. He and his party were captured by the Xiognu tribe, but Zhang Qian escaped and continued west. In 138 B.C., a man named Zhang Qian was sent on a mission by Emperor Wu to make contact with tribes to the west. By the year second century A.D., the university had 30,000 students studying Confucianism. In 136 B.C., a program in the imperial university was created for teaching the Five Classics of Confucianism-five books called the Book of Changes, the Book of Documents, the Book of Odes, the Book of Rites and the Spring and Autumn Annals- translated into modern script.
Some were in the possession of kings, while others were found in the walls of Confucius’ home. Many Confucian texts had been confiscated by the Qin Dynasty and then permanently lost when the imperial library was burned down in a civil war in 210 B.C.įu Sheng had saved The Book of Documents, and the Han Dynasty put forth a forceful effort to round-up remaining Confucian documents.
Confucianism had stayed alive in China thanks to the efforts of intellectuals like Fu Sheng, who managed to keep some Confucian literature during the Qin Dynasty and beyond. Confucian RevivalĬonfucianism gained popularity among Han royalty around 135 B.C.
The power struggle lasted for 15 years, ending when Gaozu’s son, Emperor Wan, slaughtered Lu Zhi’s family and became emperor. Lu Zhi also personally mutilated and murdered her mother and Gaozu’s preferred mistress, Lady Qi, before throwing her body into a privy and showing it off to visitors. Following Gaozu’s death, the Empress Lu Zhi made an attempt to take control by murdering a few of Gaozu’s sons.
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